At university it was seismology that really captured my interest. How old is Alan Oppenheimer? TR: Am 31. He graduated summa cum laude in 1925 and afterwards went to Cambridge University's Cavendish Laboratory as research assistant to J. J. Thomson. - Princeton, 1967. februr 18.) The 1258 event is identified from fallout in polar ice cores. is clive oppenheimer related to robert oppenheimer. Some of the recent notable eruptions (Pinatubo, 1991; Chaiten, 2008; Nabro, 2011) were the first in recorded history for the volcano. Their project was continuing in 2014 and expected to last for another "two or three years". Firstly, I have to say what an amazing set of questions Thanks, everyone, and thanks Erik for setting this up! Ill do my best but Im out of my depth on some of these! I like them best when they are run by a volcanologist ;-). In principle, the idea that damaging tsunami could occur in the Atlantic due to mega-landslides of Cumbre Vieja, cannot be ruled out. These processes are likely I think to induce all kinds of feedback loops. First, the region around the volcano where the effects of ash will be greatest a radius of 500 miles, say, and the associated problems of search and rescue, etc. Yes I have been inside the caldera though not quite in the intended circumstances. Robert Oppenheimer (22 April 1904 - 18 February 1967) was an American theoretical physicist. Youve already got 100 times more lava than you need to match the Columbia River basalts. For sure, landslides into the sea can generate tsunami. He is one of main characters from the Neverending Story, appearing as the deutragonist/tritagonist. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Heres an interesting paper on a general example of what might be expected from an extreme slide event. Editor's note, Janiuary 18, 2023: This story has been updated to more accurately describe Oppenheimer's role in the Manhattan Project and the consequences of the removal of his security clearance. Ben R. Oppenheimer Associate Curator/Astrophysics Department Chair, American Museum of Natural History, Division of Physical Sciences Ben R. Oppenheimer chairs the Astrophysics Department at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. And what is the age of the WI? He was nicknamed "the father of the atomic bomb" Robert J Oppenheimer (1904-1967) was an American theoretic physicist credited with the creation of the atomic bomb. In 1939, he produced the paper, On Continued Gravitational Attraction, which predicted the existence of black holes. Julius Robert Oppenheimer was born to Julius Oppenheimer, a rich textile importer and Ella Friedman, a painter by profession. The leader of the Manhattan Project that developed the atomic bomb, Robert Oppenheimer saw his security clearance was revoked in 1954 as the result of a "flawed process," the Biden Administration . From left to right, seated are: J. Robert Oppenheimer (holding pipe), Abraham Pais, Richard P. Feynman (seated, with pen in hand), and Herman Feshbach, His lectures were a great experience, for experimental as well as theoretical physicists, commented the late physicist Hans Bethe (19062005), who would later work with Oppenheimer at Los Alamos. To improve on it would need more comprehensive and more accurate data on eruption ages and deposit volumes for the past millions of years, and a more rigorous set of calculations, probably based on some kind of extreme value statistics. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". But this is a VERY gradual process, and over the timescales of, say, the last millions of years, there isnt any evidence of things slowing down. Oppenheimer is an upcoming biographical film written and directed by Christopher Nolan and starring Cillian Murphy as J. Robert Oppenheimer, the American theoretical physicist credited with being the "father of the atomic bomb" for his role in the Manhattan Projectthe World War II undertaking that developed the first nuclear weapons.A co-production between the United Kingdom and the United . In 1942, Oppenheimer was appointed to the Manhattan Project, code name for the project formed to develop an atomic bomb. Id like an integrated laser spectrometer (for gas molecular and isotopic composition) and lidar system (for CO2 fluxes) that will comply with airline carry-on bag allowances. What is your opinion on the role of such popular blogs like Eriks Eruptions or Ralph Harringtons Volcanism or John Seachs Volcano Live and others? Five Books Related to J. Robert Oppenheimer and the . Birth State: New York. And reporting on some grants is unbelievably demanding requiring huge internal documents that will likely never be read by anyone. [12][13], He is a member of the Cambridge Volcanology unit. In The Neverending Story cartoon series, Ygramul is shown in her spider form and is voiced by Marilyn Lightstone. The New York Times By Janet Maslin May 27, 2013 Ray Monk had begun work on his J. Robert. Robert Oppenheimer by Martin Sherwin and Kai Bird. Is Alan Oppenheimer related to Robert Oppenheimer? I read that its composition is phonolite which isnt a magma type I would associate with lava lakes (too viscous). Accepting both, he divided his time between Pasadena and Berkeley, attracting his own circle of brilliant young physics students. Large eruptions do change atmospheric composition especially due to the sulfurous dust they generate in the stratosphere. FILE-This Dec. 15, 1957 file photo Dr. J. Robert Oppenheimer, creator of the atom bomb, is shown at his study in Princeton University's Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, N.J. If it is a trachyte eruption that is pretty rare, historically speaking. Trachyte? Where do you believe the new & creative avenues in volcanology research may be headed? Im quite observant, which is handy for someone whose research is based strongly on observations! Initially, the US government had allocated $6,000 for the project. The Laki eruption of 1783 (also in Iceland) is often cited as one of the closest parallels we have to a flood basalt. But all these lead to the old problem of imagining what the dragon looks like based just on seeing its tracks! Robert Oppenheimer - definition of Robert Oppenheimer Mr. Oppenheimer made this statement after the Atomic Bomb was dropped on both Hiroshima and Nagasaki. His wife Kitty's first husband was killed fighting for the Abraham Lincoln Brigade in Spain and many of his. Robert Oppenheimer Character Analysis. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Theres an interesting idea that their eruption led to a severe global climate cooling event via iron fertilization of the ocean (from associated ash fallout). Where do you see the science of volcanology in 50 years? Alan Oppenheimer/Age. is clive oppenheimer related to robert oppenheimer. Oppenheimer has a rare talent for bringing the science and history together in a clear and engaging way.' He completed the third and fourth grades in just one year and later skipped a portion of his eighth grade year. As the chairman, he petitioned enthusiastically for global arms regulation and for the backing of basic science projects. Never give up, and good luck will find you. ~ Falkors wise and most famous line of the movie. No. June 1, 2022; Posted by edelstahl plancha einbrennen; 01 . World War II interrupted the work and lives of most American physicists. The short description implied there would be a lot of fieldwork combined with satellite remote sensing. Volcanoes by Peter Francis and Clive Oppenheimer (2nd ed, 2004, Oxford UP, "Q&A: Dr. Clive Oppenheimer answers your questions! Did Mark Hamill voice the original Skeletor? Its true that Erebus phonolite is more viscous (up to a hundred times more, perhaps) than your typical basalt at Erta Ale or Klauea, also known for lava lake behavior. A native of Oklahoma, Oppenheimer has been writing since she was quite young. Am 22. yes he did he had 2 children . Copyright 2023 Institute for Advanced Study. Mike Rampino was one of the first to propose antipodal focusing of seismic energy from massive bolide impacts as a trigger for giant basaltic eruptions. [3] Career and research [ edit] Experimental techniques on natural and synthetic samples will bridge the gap between surface observations and microanalytical techniques, and will lead to improved physical and chemical models for magma storage, transport, degassing and eruption. Credit: ournationalheroes.com. Institute for Advanced Study In addition to his volcanological work he discovered two previously lost campsites used by a group of explorers from Scott's Terra Nova expedition in 1912, now recognised as protected sites under the Antarctic Treaty System. The Robert Oppenheimer line, from the Hindu sacred text the Bhagavad-Gita, has come to define the father of the atomic bomb, but its meaning is more complex than many realise Julius Robert Oppenheimer was born on April 22nd, 1904 in New York City. Could a big meteor hit be the cause of a hot spot or giant fissure eruption on the diametrically opposite side of the earth? What can people do if a super-volcano comes up? Great earthquakes (around magnitude 9) do seem to trigger volcanic eruptions but how they do it is not well understood. His mother, Ella, was also Jewish, with her family having been in New York for several generations. I also enjoy writing even if I find it a struggle sometimes. 1952. Hmm tough question If Earth takes a hit from a large meteorite that could influence the odds Just possibly, de-icing the whole planet through global warming at least that is likely to increase statistically the rate of volcanism in areas where volcanoes are presently under ice. At other volcanoes, we have also seen magma levels rise and fall extremely rapidly. Thats about 1500 times the average rate on Klauea over the past 30 years! Id scribbled all over it while travelling in Indonesia during a gap year after high school, noting features I was recognizing in the countrys tremendous volcanic landscapes. The distribution of hotspots (mantle plumes) worldwide also seems to show they come in antipodal pairs. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Its such a remote possibility that I think at this stage what is needed is to look at the probabilities and potential scale of impacts, and then look at whether it is worth doing something about such a low-probability but high consequence scenario. How Fiber Optic Cables Could Warn You of an Earthquake. One of the more recent suggestions for the responsible volcano is Quilotoa in Ecuador, based on radiocarbon dating of charcoal in a thick pumice deposit. What is the WI composed of? The great thing about volcanology is that just about anyone can get involved: including physicists, engineers, geographers, mathematicians, programmers, climate scientists, anthropologists, archaeologists, ecologists, civil protection managers, art historians, actuaries. Volcanology thrives on this diversity I dont think we would understand nearly as much about volcanoes and their impacts if the subject was only studied by geologists. Who is the voice of Falkor in the Neverending Story? On the other hand, very light dustings of ash can actually be beneficial for agriculture since they can supply nutrients such as selenium to the soil. Firstly, you feel like you are looking off the top of the Eifel Tower from the crater rim it is extraordinarily steep! Alan Richards Oppenheimer earned his PhD and his highly prestigious job in spite of his communist affiliations and (even more strikingly) having once been accused of trying to poison his professor. 1 Is Alan Oppenheimer related to Robert Oppenheimer? This degree of fluctuation and the periodicity of it dont seem to me to be adequately explained by standard models explaining the movement of magma within the crust, such as fault propagation, stoping, simple buoyancy/top pressure etc. Yes I think so. And it surely hampers writing up the findings for scientific peer review and for wider public dissemination. I tried to think this through for the final chapter of Eruptions that shook the world. Associated Press December 17, 2022. You can spend months with a dozen or more colleagues putting together a proposal that has only a 5% chance of success. While geologic time keeps ticking, and since volcanism is considered as a mechanism through which earth is cooling down, are large events such as LIP or supervolcanoes getting rarer, or are the odds for one of these huge occurrences are kept the same because of radiocative decay? Top left: The main summit crater at Erebus in Antarctica, one of Dr. Oppenheimer's many field sites. A factor that complicates our understanding of the viscosity is that the lava in the lake is very frothy and the effect of bubbles is hard to calculate. Active volcanoes arent necessarily ideal sites for geothermal exploitation the infrastructure is vulnerable in the event of future eruptions, but also the hot fluids circulating beneath the volcano can be very acidic. ", "Department of Geography, Cambridge Clive Oppenheimer", "HSM 89: Terra Nova Expedition 1910-12, Upper "Summit Camp" used during survey of Mount Erebus in December 1912", "HSM 90: Terra Nova Expedition 1910-12, Lower "Camp E" Site used during survey of Mount Erebus in December 1912", "Rumbling volcano sees N. Korea warm to the West", "Understanding Volcanoes in Isolated Locations", "The Museum of Curiosity: Series 11, Episode 5", "Volcanoes, Series 17, The Infinite Monkey Cage - BBC Radio 4", "BOOK REVIEW: Eruptions That Shook the World by Clive Oppenheimer", "The volcanologist who led Werner Herzog into the inferno", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clive_Oppenheimer&oldid=1124925182, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 1 December 2022, at 07:10. Born Julius Robert Oppenheimer on April 22, 1904, in New York City, Oppenheimer grew up in a Manhattan apartment adorned with paintings by van Gogh, Czanne, and Gauguin. By firing lasers through underground fibers, scientists can detect seismic waves and perhaps improve alertsgiving people precious time to prepare. Subsequently, he traveled from one prominent center of physics to another: Harvard, California Institute of Technology, Leyden, and Zurich. Sorry that was supposed to be a one-line answer, wasnt it!? On December 16 the Department of Energy reversed a decision made nearly 70 years ago by leaders of its predecessor agency, the Atomic Energy Commission, to revoke the security clearance of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the scientist who led the first group of scientists and engineers at what would eventually become Los Alamos National Laboratory as they Who was the actor who played Bastian in the Neverending Story? I have never regretted my choice it was definitely one of those key turning points one gets in life. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. To revist this article, visit My Profile, then View saved stories. Here it is, the answers to your volcanic questions for Dr. Clive Oppenheimer. It was perhaps a week before the weather cleared, and this period of anticipation made the reality all the more sensational. What would you tell a young person who wants to study volcanoes, both in terms of what to study in school and what to expect in the field? It was here he completed his schooling in a short span of time and took a great deal of interest in the subject of mineralogy. The weather was bad when we reached field camp and the first visit to the crater rim was in cloud. Robert Oppenheimer (right) with John von Neumann in front of the Electronic Computer Projects ENIAC machine, ca. In April 1962, the U.S. Government made amends for the treatment Oppenheimer suffered during the McCarthy years, when President Kennedy invited him to a White House dinner of Nobel Prize winners. He was voiced by Alan Oppenheimer in both series. Towards the end of his life, he collaborated with Betrand Russell, Albert Einstein and Joseph Rotblat and formed the World Academy of Art and Science, in 1960. Unfortunately, it seemed that Robert Oppenheimer simply did not have the social awareness to properly help his son's development. Birth date: April 22, 1904. Mark Hamill, who plays the villainous Skeletor in the animated series, appeared on The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon to talk about making it. I got the idea in the mid-90s. He also led the Project 1640 team that made discoveries regarding the HR 8799 system. During his time at the university, he published over a dozen papers on physics and also made novel contributions in the field of quantum mechanics. The most important thing I think is to have an enquiring mind and plenty of curiosity that way you keep asking questions. Wow thats a tough one I have so many great memories of working on volcanoes! The basic problem of course is that except for a few drilling projects that have cored into active magma, just about everything we know about present-day magma systems is obtained indirectly from measuring gas emissions, ground movements, earthquakes; from techniques such as seismic tomography; and of course from good old petrology. With J. Robert Oppenheimer back in the news ahead of Christopher Nolan's highly-anticipated biopic (out in theaters everywhere this July . 91years (April 23, 1930) J. Robert Oppenheimer was a theoretical physicist who was born in 1904. Something else that also puzzles me is the evidence for very rapid magma ascent rates you find in places like San Carlos in Arizona and Lanzarote where basalt eruptions have transported dense chunks of plutonic rocks to the surface. [4][5][6], Oppenheimer studied the Natural Sciences Tripos at the University of Cambridge where he was awarded a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1986[7].He has a PhD from the Open University,[4] his thesis investigated the use of remote sensing in volcanology and was supervised by Peter Francis and David Rothery. Remarkable anecdotes of brilliance illustrate his life through early adulthood. These fields are generally characterized by small volume monogenetic basalt cones erupted through a pretty thick layer of fairly stable continental crust. A Little-Known Inflammatory Disease Is Hiding in Plain Sight. There have been some efforts to run climate models for super-eruptions with massive SO2 release and even these fail to start an ice age. Robert Oppenheimer - United States physicist who directed the project at Los Alamos that developed the first atomic bomb Oppenheimer Based on. All rights reserved. Thomas Walter and Falk Amelung showed statistically that within a range of 1000 km or so of the epicenter, there are more eruptions in the 3 years after a great earthquake than in the 50 years before. This whole process needs a much lighter touch in my opinion. An unforgettable story of discovery and unimaginable destruction and a major biography of one of America's most brilliantand most divisivescientists, Robert Oppenheimer: A Life Inside the Center vividly illuminates the man who would go down in history as "the father of the atomic bomb." Oppenheimer's talent and drive secured him a place in the pantheon . The film follows J. Robert Oppenheimer, the Manhattan. I couldnt believe it at first and thought there had to be some mundane artifact of the data processing. Ive been thinking about oscillating magma levels a lot (doesnt everyone? The couple were married in 1903, with Julius, who was known as Robert, being their first child. In the original He-Man cartoon, the voice of Skeletor was played by voice actor Alan Oppenheimer. How far the direct effects of fallout can be harmful to ecosystems on the ground depends on factors like the amount of fluorine carried on the ash, and of course the thickness of ash that accumulates, but it could easily be across a zone hundreds of miles from the volcano for a modest event. Most of all though, I wish there was less bureaucracy in applying for funds and project reporting. As he witnessed the first detonation of a nuclear weapon on July 16, 1945, a piece of Hindu scripture ran through the mind of Robert Oppenheimer: Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. In 1940, he married Katharine (Kitty) Puening Harrison, a biologist and divorcee whose second husband had been killed during the Spanish Civil War. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. For most of his life, Oppenheimer was quite well off, attending one of the best private schools in the city where he . He delivered the Reith Lectures on the BBC in 1953, and these were published under the title Science and the Common Understanding.. Who is the voice of Ygramul in the Neverending Story? After the Nazis invaded Poland in 1939, various scientists including Albert Einstein warned the US government of the consequences if the Nazis were to build the first nuclear bomb. But I do think sometimes it would be nice to be able to get some funding for more wacky ideas that the agencies will think too risky. Because of his leadership in this project, he is often referred to as the father of the atomic bomb. . Julius Robert Oppenheimer ( New York, 1904. prilis 22. What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? The . He was the son of Julius and Ella Oppenheimer who was both secular Ashkenazi Jews of German descent. Here it is, the answers to your volcanic questions for Dr. Clive Oppenheimer. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Jury out but working harder on another case? As Chairman of the General Advisory Committee, Oppenheimer opposed the development of the hydrogen bomb. So, the case remains open. But it was very atmospheric and exciting. [3], Oppenheimer's research interests are in volcanology and geochemistry, particularly in Antarctica. The "luminaries" were a number of brilliant and top physicists of that time. The two actors will star in Christopher Nolan 's upcoming drama about the creation of the atomic bomb for Universal, according to Variety . From left to right, standing, are: W. Lamb, K.K. Its definitely something we need to understand better and Ive been racking my brains to think how we could make direct measurements in the lava lake without having to rappel into the crater! Rockbiter/Voiced by. It does not store any personal data. Birth City: New York. I would like to know how far away and for how long volcanic ash particles can carry sulfur and other minerals potentially dangerous to man and plants? Princeton, New Jersey The first was in Batman Begins when Murphy played . Simultaneously, he served as the Director for the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey from 1947. When the same time cycle showed up in analysis of a completely independent dataset of thermal images I was certain, and its given us tremendous insights into how the shallow part of the volcanos plumbing system works. The ignimbrites look impressive in satellite images geomorphologically, they remind me a lot of the ignimbrites in the central Andes. Skeletor is the main antagonist in the 1983 show He-Man and the Masters of the Universe and a recurring antagonist in the 1985 spin-off She-Ra: Princess of Power. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Also, is a magma chamber driving the small geyser that can erupt for as long as ten minutes? In the first film, Falkor is voiced by Alan Oppenheimer. Up there with the most memorable moments would have to be my first field season on Erebus volcano in Antarctica. We have no dates for the past eruptions but that is something I would like to work on in future. Robert Oppenheimer (right) with John von Neumann in front of the Electronic Computer Projects ENIAC machine, ca. Finally, deep drilling projects are expensive but they do give us tremendous windows into what is really going on down there. This book provides a spectrum of interpretations of Oppenheimer's life and scientific achievements. Im also wondering which ones have been posted my sneaky grad students, trying to catch me out!! Do you consider volcanoes responsible for the large levels of CO2 on Earth? His younger brother, Frank, would also become a physicist. The Mystery Vehicle at the Heart of Teslas New Master Plan, All the Settings You Should Change on Your New Samsung Phone, This Hacker Tool Can Pinpoint a DJI Drone Operator's Location, Amazons HQ2 Aimed to Show Tech Can Boost Cities. Erebus only got 114 must do something about that. In 1927, Oppenheimer received his doctorate, and in the same year, he worked with Born on the structure of molecules, producing the Born-Oppenheimer Approximation. The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Cond Nast. *I just did a very unscientific survey number of papers with different volcano names in the title. Mondays massive earthquake has triggered a swarm of aftershocks, which will make a humanitarian disaster even more devastating. Peter Oppenheimer is related to Robert Oppenheimer. His earnestness and deep involvement gave his research students the same sense of challenge. His research was in astrophysics, nuclear physics, spectrometers, and quantum field theory. Tartalomjegyzk 1 lete 2 Halla Robert Oppenheimer (April 22, 1904 - February 18, 1967) was the scientific director of the Manhattan Project, which attempted to develop the first nuclear weapons during World War II. But, I think, like volcanoes there are different angles, astronomy . Robert Oppenheimer was born in New York on April 22, 1904. Has there been any progress in the field of identifying where the volcano responsible for Great Unknown Eruption of 1258 AD is located? In 1936, he was appointed as a full-time professor at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and was asked to limit his professorship at Caltech University. At Last, the Milky Way Gets a Better Close Up. Around that time there was a revolution underway in the application of genetics to understanding human origins and migrations (Mitochondrial Eve and all that). Oppenheimer took the outcome of the security hearing very quietly but he was a changed person; much of his previous spirit and liveliness had left him, recalled Bethe. It was at this time that Oppenheimer started to figure out a method to separate uranium-235 from natural uranium and determine the critical mass of uranium required to build an atomic bomb. The Pulitzer Prize-winning book is being adapted into a movie described as, "An IMAX-shot epic thriller that thrusts the audience into the . Just in my lifetime the global population has doubled. Richard Stothers at NASA Goddard associated its climate effects with a contemporary outbreak of the bizarre cult of self-flagellation in Europe! 1-in-500 chance of supervolcanic eruption in the next century. " Its these small particles that reflect some sunlight away from reaching the Earths surface, which causes an overall cooling effect on climate. Falkor ( also called Fuchur, German, Falcor or Falcore ), is a luck dragon and the first dragon in the series. [4], In 2005 he was awarded the Murchison Award by the Royal Geographical Society for publications judged to contribute most to geographical science in preceding recent years. [4][10][11], In 2011, the Government of North Korea invited him, his PhD student Kayla Iacovino, and volcanologist James Hammond of Imperial College, London to study the Baekdu Mountain for recent volcanic activity. When lava cools down, it picks up so-called thermal remanant magnetization. kosten bestattung totgeburt cannabisanbau in mietwohnung klett dcouvertes 2 lsungen pdf. Rant over. His father was a German immigrant and textile distributer, and a very successful one. J. Robert Oppenheimer is fondly remembered as the founding father of the American School of Theoretical Physics. [16][17], His publications[2][18] include Eruptions that Shook the World[1][19] which formed the basis of the 2016 film Into the Inferno directed by Werner Herzog.[20][21]. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. In 1922, he entered Harvard College to learn chemistry but later, studied literature, history, mathematics and theoretical and experimental physics as well. By Posted schefflera arboricola pruning In marthe brenne legger seg flat Oppenheimer is certainly one of those films. Alan OppenheimerThe Neverending Story 298 likes. Dr. Clive Oppenheimer (or, possibly, a Time Lord). Do you fear that the large amounts of SO2 seen lately and a rise on volcanic activity may lead us to a new Ice Age? Clive Oppenheimer (born 1964) is a British volcanologist, and Professor of Volcanology in the Department of Geography of the University of Cambridge. Julius Robert Oppenheimer (n. 22 aprilie 1904, Manhattan, New York City, New York, SUA - d. 18 februarie 1967, Princeton, New Jersey, New Jersey, SUA) a fost un fizician american, profesor de fizic la Universitatea din California, Berkeley.Oppenheimer a fost ef al Laboratorului Los Alamos (d) n timpul rzboiului i se numr printre cei creditai drept printe al bombei . Knowing that from time to time you can help to inspire people is very humbling. Is there a likelihood of an eruption [from Toba] there after the tremendous stresses brought by large earthquakes in the region? Much has been written about physicist J. Robert Oppenheimerthe substance of his life, his intellect, his patrician manner, his leadership of the Los Alamos National Laboratory, his political affiliations and postwar military/security entanglements, and his early death from cancer, amount to a highly compelling story.
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