This article was first published in 1984 in a paper by Fellner, Laroche, and Sulzer-Azaroff. A very simple answer to that question is that people with autism do stereotypy just because they like doing it. Athens et al. The initial introduction of Rhode Island-style intervention in the natural environment was brief, with little data on how it would affect behavior over time. To schedule a free consultation, please contact one of our offices in Brandon, Tampa, or Wesley Chapel. These behaviors manifest in different ways, depending on the person. Many parents and teachers struggle with addressing vocal stereotypy or scripting in children with autism. My little boy will sometimes call cookies biscuits, and gasoline petrol. He has lived in the Midwestern United States all eight years of his life, but that does not stop him from saying, I CAHNT! when asked to complete a task, or requesting pahn-cakes for breakfast. This means that the individual who is working on reducing their vocal stereotypies would watch and listen to someone else produce the desired vocalizations. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the These repetitive behaviors can sometimes take the form of echolalia. Delivered to your inbox! Sharing or cooperating o Sharing or cooperating is defined as vocal or gestural interaction which can occur in one of three conditions: 1 . eCollection 2022 Jan-Dec. Esposito M, Pignotti L, Mondani F, D'Errico M, Ricciardi O, Mirizzi P, Mazza M, Valenti M. Children (Basel). This may involve blocking the behavior from occurring. 0000009094 00000 n Vocal stereotypy is a common problem behavior in individuals with autism spectrum disorders that may interfere considerably with learning and social inclusion. spectrum disorder and . Summer 2007: 40(2): 264575. Additionally, these procedures are very technical in nature and require assessment and supervision from a skilled clinician, ideally a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA), in order to be properly carried out. Because there is less chance of error, data collection will be more precise. The study describes potential interventions from previous research before introducing its goal of interrupting the vocal response then redirecting. Singing, babbling, repetitive grunts, squeals, and phrases that arent related to current events are some examples. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Observing the subspace that the data lives in allows us to detect vocal stimming and sounds of frustration. 2005 found that response-independent stimulation was ineffective for children with autism spectrum disorder. Operational Definition. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! circa 1889, in the meaning defined at sense 1. 0000008854 00000 n Exploring Subtypes of Repetitive Behavior in Children with Autism Through Functional Analysis and Wearable Technology: a Pilot Biobehavioral Assessment. In addition, stereotypic behaviors can interfere with skill acquisition which can negatively impact social and academic areas. J Exp Anal Behav. 2020 Nov;114(3):368-380. doi: 10.1002/jeab.636. One moose, two moose. Epub 2015 Jul 14. toys that could be used as reinforcers for the nonoccurrence of vocal stereotypy. 2021 Mar 28;11(4):431. doi: 10.3390/brainsci11040431. 0000012294 00000 n The other realityand please understand that this is my own takethose people dont know my son. Remember stereotypy is usually happening because the person has no other way of entertaining himself or herself. This study examined four interventions targeted at decreasing multiply. The goal of Rhoded is to decrease the probability of stereotyping and increase proper behavior (e.g., responding to social questions). Should Echolalia Be Considered a Phonic Stereotypy? When appropriate, you can express your desire for social interaction (e.g., I want tickles), an activity, or a comment. Abstract. The VSQ can be used in a variety of settings, including clinics and homes. xW]o6}7Gi~JPpthA%g0Erm9@}.EMb:uE>|jOD2.5IfV~q3yE;j#OV|+E"zGX:X~'/7{`lZ One intervention involves allowing access to the stereotypic behavior during specific times of the day by isolating the specific source of stimulation in an effort to decrease the stereotypy overall throughout the day. We are used to it in our family. Accessed 4 Mar. In evaluating visual stereotypies in children, the VSQ can be useful in assessing their disruptive impact on their daily lives. The system incorporates audio, video and wearable accelerometer bas J Appl Behav Anal. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Echolalia is defined as (seamingly) meaningless repetition of another person's spoken words. MeSH So there is this kind of cycle where stereotypy happens because the person does not have leisure skills, and the stereotypy prevents the person from learning new skills, which further contributes to the person not having leisure skills. However there are many more forms of stereotypy and these include opening and closing the mouth, facial grimacing, head tilting, head shaking, shoulder shrugging, body tensing, stamping feet, twirling objects, spinning, ear covering, staring at objects, side looking and vocal scripting. 0000003744 00000 n Vocal stereotypy autism is a condition in which an individual makes repetitive vocalizations, such as echolalia or palilalia. It was assumed that interrupting the childs vocal response and redirecting behavior toward appropriate vocalizations he had learned during instruction would reduce the childs likelihood of inappropriate behavior. The vocal stereotypy of two boys and two girls ranging from 3- to 11- years-old was decreased by having them complete a series of consecutive vocal responses contingent on the stereotypy occurring. R:{ providing gummy bears as a snack for the boy that likes the sensory feeling against his teeth or providing the girl with a drum to bang during appropriate times) must be provided and replacement behaviors taught (e.g. 2015 Dec;48(4):749-64. doi: 10.1002/jaba.227. In other words they do stereotypy because they are not able to entertain themselves in any other way. Ways to Better Understand Echolalia and Vocal Stereotypy, Functional Communication Goals for Autism. In Athens et al., 2008 vocal stereotypy was defined as loud, repetitive, noncontextual verbalizations (e.g. programming. Assessing and Treating Vocal Stereotypy in Children with Autism, Cassella, Sidener, Sidener, & Progar (2011), View all posts by Different Roads to Learning. We hope you enjoyed this article. The goal of the assessment was to proceed as quickly as possible with treatment in order to minimize the amount of time required. Each morning, I know Greyson is awake because he has a distinctive crow: a cross between a babble and a siren that goes from high to low over and over. Sensor-Based Technology for Social Information Processing in Autism: A Review. government site. BCOTB accepts most major insurances, including, but not limited to: Aetna, Anthem, Baycare, Beacon, BCBS, Cigna, CMS, Florida Blue, Humana, MHNet, Meritain Health, Magella Health, UnitedHealthcare, and TRICARE. Maybe theyre curious, or maybe theyre judgmental. 0000019648 00000 n 0000035402 00000 n 2017 Nov;20(8):491-501. doi: 10.1080/17518423.2016.1265604. Finding a competing replacement behavior or a less obvious behavior which serves the same function (s) will limit interference of such behaviors. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted J Appl Behav Anal. But that answer always leaves people wondering why people with autism like doing stereotypy. Echolography is a practice of repeating the same song or line over and over in no specific order, usually for no reason. 2017. Special areas of focus include operational definitions, rationales associated with various approaches, specific procedures used to treat or study echolalic behavior, and reported conclusions. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. py ster---t-p stir- plural stereotypies 1 medical : frequent repetition of the same, typically purposeless movement, gesture, posture, or vocal sounds or utterances (as in autism spectrum disorder) Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. 2012 Mar;36(2):146-64. doi: 10.1177/0145445511427192. 0000002555 00000 n For example, a boy may repeatedly flap his hands because of the sensation produced from the air against his face or a girl may continuously lick her fingertips because of the oral sensation of the salty taste on her tongue. Microphones and video camera were used to collect data and were used for analysis. Some parents and teachers refer to echolalia as scripting. Becoming combative or defensive is sometimes tempting, but my opinion is that a confrontation would not only be unproductive, but it would also frighten and set a negative example for my children. A preliminary evaluation of the utility of Rhode Island Rhode Islands energy efficiency and renewable energy programs is critical to its future. In Cassella et al., 2011, vocal stereotypy was defined as a variety of vocalizations and repetition of words and phrases. The idea behind RIRD is to decrease the probability of the vocal stereotypy and increase appropriate behaviors (i.e. According to Webster's Dictionary, the definition of stereotypy is: frequent repetition of the same, typically purposeless movement, gesture, posture, or vocal sounds or utterances Stereotypy is directly linked to autism spectrum disorders and is included in the third criteria of the diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM-5) for autism diagnosis. TrainingsCareersCalendarsNewsletter Signup. My experience is that the people with autism who do a lot of stereotypy tend to lack appropriate leisure skills. Hitting, kicking, pushing, pinching, punching, biting, scratching, pulling hair, head-butting, hitting with an object, throwing an object . 0000035798 00000 n Speech Therapy Materials for Autistic Kids, Benefits of Early Intervention Speech Therapy. Stereotypy is defined in the research literature as "contextually inappropriate and repetitive operant motor movements maintained by automatic reinforcement". This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. However, more research is needed to confirm the efficacy of these interventions. A vocal stereotypy is a repetitive or persistent pattern of speech that is characterized by a restricted range of intonation and/or pitch, monotonous quality, and/or prolonged duration. putting gloves on a boy that bites his fingers for the tactile sensation of his fingers against his teeth, physically blocking a girl from hitting her head against a table for the auditory sensation the banging sound produces). In one study it required a motor response which also decreased the vocal stereotypy. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Definition Vocal and/or motor self-stimulatory behaviors sometimes interfere in learning or community inclusion. First, all three studies note that implementation of demands contingent on vocal stereotypy have functioned as a punisher. If you are concerned about your loved ones behavior, it is critical that you consult with their doctor or therapist to determine the cause of the behavior and whether any additional treatments are required. There was no difference in the conditions of appropriate speech as it was practiced at baseline or in treatment. 2022 Nov 25;7:23969415221140464. doi: 10.1177/23969415221140464. J Appl Behav Anal. There are several reasons to eliminate stereotypy in people with autism. For example, if vocal stereotypy occurred, the instructor gained the childs attention and then the child was required to complete a vocal task (e.g. Sensors (Basel). One common method is to provide positive reinforcement for desired vocalizations. McDonald and Bo In Chung published a study in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis entitled Assessing and Treating Vocal Stereotypy in Children with Autism. The study defined vocal stereotypy as any instance of noncontextual or nonfunctional speech and included singing, babbling, repetitive grunts, squeals, and phrases unrelated to the present situation. It focused on four learners (two boys and two girls) who had autism and were referred for the study because their vocal stereotypy interfered with their ability to learn. Finally, in two of the studies the intervention consisted of an incompatible vocal response contingent on vocal stereotypy. 0000026522 00000 n Stereotypy. Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/stereotypy. Nice job!). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". " The study defined vocal stereotypy as "any instance of noncontextual or nonfunctional speech and included singing, babbling, repetitive grunts, squeals, and phrases unrelated to the present situation." Because vocalizations can be blocked physically, the current study used familiar and mastered vocal demands to do so. They would then imitate what they heard. 0000019155 00000 n and transmitted securely. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 0000005327 00000 n RIRD produced substantially lower rates of stereotypy for all four of the children and an increase in appropriate vocalizations for three of the children. The vocal stereotypy is blocked when it is interrupted by an order to complete a series of demands and then redirect the child. 0000012575 00000 n A system has been developed to automatically record and detect behavioral patterns and vocal stereotypy which is also known as vocal stimming, a non-verbal vocalization often observed in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The vocal stereotypy of one 11-year-old boy was decreased using a series of vocal demands (similar to RIRD) in addition to a response cost (e.g. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. An 11-year-old boys vocal stereotypy was reduced by using a series of vocal demands (similar to Rhode Island Rating Disposition) in addition to a response fee. Mitchell, on the other hand, had vocal stereotypy at a moderate to high level for the first few months, but appropriate vocalizations occurred infrequently thereafter. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. bRMdDP @ Y29Cn zx.d0hqd`)H3 9Xt0Q@ HI endstream endobj 80 0 obj <> endobj 81 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Fields[]>> endobj 82 0 obj <<>> endobj 83 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 75 0 R/Resources<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 84 0 obj <> endobj 85 0 obj <> endobj 86 0 obj <> endobj 87 0 obj [250 333 0 0 0 833 778 0 333 333 500 564 250 333 250 278 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 278 278 0 0 0 444 0 722 667 667 722 611 556 722 722 333 389 722 611 889 722 722 556 0 667 556 611 722 722 944 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 444 500 444 500 444 333 500 500 278 278 500 278 778 500 500 500 500 333 389 278 500 500 722 500 500 444 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 444] endobj 88 0 obj <> endobj 89 0 obj [226 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 507 507 507 507 507 507 507 507 507 507 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 579 0 533 0 488 0 0 0 0 0 0 420 0 0 662 517 0 543 459 487 0 567 0 0 487 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 498 0 0 0 230 0 0 0 0 525 527 0 0 0 391] endobj 90 0 obj <>stream 0000013145 00000 n Stereotypy is one of the core diagnostic features of autism spectrum disorder and warrants behavioral intervention when it negatively impacts the person's life. Disclaimer. A system has been developed to automatically record and detect behavioral patterns and vocal stereotypy which is also known as vocal stimming, a non-verbal vocalization often observed in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). How to Help Your Autistic Child With Context Blindness, Stereotypy and Autism: Understanding Repetitive Behavior, Help Your Child Respond to His/Her Name Through Positive Associations, Autism Speech Patterns: Addressing Communication Differences. 2011 Fall;44(3):647-51. doi: 10.1901/jaba.2011.44-647. Children with autism often display vocal stereotypies, which , 5 Tips For Men With Aspergers To Express Their Feelings And Affection, The Importance Of Routines For People With Aspergers, Interacting With A Child Who Has Aspergers Syndrome, Aspergers Therapists: Unfamiliar And Inexperienced, The Higher Rate Of Aspergers Syndrome In Men, The Early Signs Of Asperger Syndrome In Babies, Homeschooling An Aspergers Child: Tips For Success, Aspergers Syndrome: The Condition On The Autism Spectrum, How To Balance Your Checkbook In A Few Easy Steps, Common Approaches To Teaching Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, 1 In 59 Children In The US Have Autism: Heres What You Need To Know. 0000002950 00000 n Accessibility Careers. 0000031094 00000 n **BCOTB has been Tampas leading provider of pediatric ABA therapy since 2003. 0000003497 00000 n Each participants agreement rate was 33% (range 33% to 57%), with the lowest rate being 33% to 57%. The levels at which people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can communicate vary. These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'stereotypy.' ytcVsY kf[:.a+\dn,J{~f{D3g[7Y&y+*j6~,FM Speech that is not contextual or functional is classified as vocal stereotypy. During the demand conditions, there was a decrease in the number of times Alice and Nicki performed together, and it was possible that this was due to the reduction in vocal stereotypy. When the baseline was established, Peters vocal stereotypy was moderate, with appropriate vocalizations few and far between; when R.I.D. Unfortunately, there is no simple explanation for why people with autism like doing stereotypy. It is a hybrid of echolalia and vocal stereotypy, and it is either noncontextual or nonfunctional. Furthermore, postintervention probes revealed significantly lower levels of vocal stereotypic behavior in the natural environment than preintervention probes. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Send us feedback. The vocal stereotypy of two boys ranging from 4- to 7-years-old was decreased by having them complete a one-step direction that did not require a vocal response contingent on the vocal stereotypy occurring. The former refers to the persistent repetition of an act while the latter refers to the persistent repetition of words, phrases, or details that have been vocalized before. At the conclusion of the return to baseline, a downward trend was observed for vocal and stereotypy levels; however, baseline levels were not recovered. All of these interventions come from the field of Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), and are considered evidence-based practices because their effects have been proven and reported in scientific studies. 0000012961 00000 n First, stereotypy interferes with skill acquisition. Online ahead of print. 79 0 obj <> endobj xref 79 17 0000000016 00000 n Assessing and Treating Vocal Stereotypy in children with autism, William H Ahearn,Kathy M Clark, andRebecca P.F MacDonald, New England Center for Children And Northeastern University, This article was featured in Issue 75 Helping Your Child with Autism Thrive. The .gov means its official. Only a few studies have been published in recent years into the study of vocal stereotypic behavior. eCollection 2023 Jan-Dec. Lory C, Rispoli M, Keehn B, Mason RA, Mason BA, Kang S, Borosh AM, Shannon E, Crosley H. Adv Neurodev Disord. Would you like email updates of new search results? Each participants cumulative frequency is reported to the government. 2017 Jul;2017:279-282. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2017.8036816. It does not store any personal data. **, Functional Behavior Assessments/Problem Behaviors, Vocal Stereotypy Research: Response Interruption and Redirection (RIRD). Low levels of vocal stereotypy are sometimes observed when sensory stimulation is administered in a variety of ways (e.g., Ahearn, Clark, DeBar, Florentino, Vollmer, Marcus, et al., 1994). 0000008461 00000 n The speakers vocal stereotypy is similar to other types of stereotypic behavior in that it does not mediate socially, but it does appear to be maintained as a result of its sensory inputs. xb```f``y @QH pd00H9C: *41]}_}{0cHO7R]/H(,L2s *[sqIMf$7v?(n`@[ A] `{@"TH(X1xnIb3 $8d)anbK (300))A0L5PX cccTa0pmHxz2G. Depending on the severity of the injury, it could last anywhere from 20 seconds to 5 minutes. Each child received intensive vocal and augmentative communication training prior to and during the study period. Absolutely! A vocal stereotypy is a repetitive or persistent pattern of speech that is characterized by a restricted range of intonation and/or pitch, monotonous quality, and/or prolonged duration. 0000033332 00000 n In addition to reducing stereotypic responses, differential reinforcement is ineffective in decreasing visual response (see Lerman). Initially the interval is very short so the person can easily receive the reinforcer, but the duration of the interval is systematically expanded based on the persons progress. Despite the fact that echolalia and palilalia have been shown to be associated with ASD in the majority of cases, there is some evidence to suggest that other symptoms may be present. Another technique that can be used is to model desired vocalizations. kFZ;VI=6'#m]N "pr6c}aAaqi yA(Ra@d(= sc0L%&! 0000030427 00000 n Behavior analysts use evidence-based practices like those described above to help individuals to decrease their behavior and increase appropriate skills. When working with young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), vocal stereotypy, sometimes referred to as scripting, can interfere with the ability of our clients to learn new material. ZuT hm(0uq$=BikL=sK|O'\9J6iQt 5P-P3~8uc{E2jP~nkW} T4/q pv&J. There are several viable treatment procedures for stereotypy that have the support of scientific research. 3%hgrH@BIH400 FA 3;::2p1%ec%-,L- `@1 Data collection procedures were implemented to ensure appropriate and inappropriate responses. An evaluation of interrupted and uninterrupted measurement of vocal stereotypy on perceived treatment outcomes. It is the responsibility of the assessor to determine appropriate operational definitions. Possible Non-Examples. An official website of the United States government. The site is secure. I occasionally consider being aggressive or defensive, but I believe that becoming aggressive or defensive is unproductive and harmful to my children. Another intervention to decrease stereotypic behavior is to physically block the behavior from occurring which then blocks the sensory stimulation (e.g. 0000020444 00000 n Individuals with vocal stereotypy autism often have difficulty communicating and may be unable to engage in typical social interactions. Effects of music on vocal stereotypy in children with autism. IOAwas Taylor et al. Training a Neural Network for Vocal Stereotypy Detection. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. effective in reducing vocal stereotypy during the red-card sessions. Environmental Enrichment: This is a procedure that involves providing the person with some other form of stimulation so that they no longer need the stimulation they receive from doing the stereotypy. The VSQ is a brief and easy test to administer. defined vocal stereotypy as loud, repetitive, noncontextual verbalizations (such as saying banana when its not appropriate) and repetitive, meaningless vocalizations (such as saying aaaah). Researchers have shown that several antecedent-based and consequence-based interventions may be effective at reducing vocal stereotypy. The level of response in the assessment was not compared to the level of response in treatment, nor to the purpose of the study. BCOTB accepts the following major insurance plans: Anthem, Baycare, Beacon, BCBS, Cigna, Humana, MHNet, Meritain Health, UnitedHealthcare, and TRICARE. Stimulus Control Procedure for Reducing Vocal Stereotypies in an Autistic Child. hb```/,@ 2!YBH]8 k;&Ge 0000024542 00000 n Three of the participants were children, two of whom were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Children with autism often need interventions to increase socially appropriate behaviors and decrease socially inappropriate ones. Successful and/or unsuccessful attempts of any physical act directed toward others that has the potential to cause harm. The site is secure. A category of inappropriate behaviors in which individuals with intellectual disabilities engage that do not fit into the typical classifications of aggressive, disruptive, or self-injurious behavior exists. FOIA Changing the environment may result in a decrease in behavior, but appropriate alternatives must be provided. Before Learn a new word every day. NSUWorks - Nova Southeastern University Institutional Repository Pruccoli J, Spadoni C, Orsenigo A, Parmeggiani A. For example, if vocal stereotypy occurred, the instructor gained the childs attention by prompting him/her and then the child was required to complete either an intraverbal response (e.g. MeSH Speech therapy can be beneficial to those with autism, according to some experts. Vocal responses were required until the child complied with 3 consecutive vocal responses with the absence of the vocal stereotypy. During the Rhode Derby, children may initiate communicative attempts that persist in the absence of treatment and, in some cases, may result in more appropriate responses if the environment is enriched. When a childs aphasia worsens, the VSQ responds. In addition to using differential reinforcement, self-management, functional communication training, and play skills training, there has been evidence that skill-based interventions can reduce stereotypy (Mulligan et al., 2014). When the client clicks a scripting button, an instruction of one to three words is given based on the learning history of the client. This is why many people call stereotypy stimming. answering social questions, vocal imitation). 0000001815 00000 n Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. trailer Physical Aggression. This disorder is characterized by postnatal reduction in brain growth, with hand, Spending time away from family and a familiar environment can be very stressful for some pets. Epub 2011 Nov 29. 0 Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! To save this word, you'll need to log in. 0000024916 00000 n 0000004631 00000 n The ability of our clients to learn new material is jeopardized when we use vocal stereotypy, also known as scripting. Home Communication Skills Ways to Better Understand Echolalia and Vocal Stereotypy. The proposed system was able to detect vocalized stimming with detection rate between 73 - 93 percent. KSVD, which is a generalized version of the k-means clustering algorithms for dictionary learning, was used to detect vocal stereotypy. 0000000016 00000 n One of the most significant challenges related to the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) condition is the presence of vocal stereotypy which can interfere with learning, auditory processing and desirable social behaviours. Echolalia as defined by parent communication partners. Autism and Hearing Loss: Whats the Link? Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. In order to support us to create more helpful information like this, please consider purchasing a subscription to Autism Parenting Magazine. 2023 Jan 27:1-16. doi: 10.1007/s41252-023-00317-6. An exception would be in a movie theater or library, where I would do what I could to make sure other people werent disrupted. 0000030990 00000 n This type of behavior, in addition to interfering with the performance that has already been learned, can make therapy sessions more difficult. Features Stats Integration Plugin developed by YD. J Appl Behav Anal. National Library of Medicine With four clinic locations throughout the Tampa Bay area, we know that our clinic is the right spot for your early learner! In Cassella et al., 2011, vocal stereotypy was defined as a variety of vocalizations and repetition of words and phrases.