In total, 21 women who worked in the concentration camps faced the gallows. Among 110,000 prisoners were Jews from all of Europe, members of the Polish underground, Polish civilians deported from Warsaw during the Warsaw Uprising, Lithuanian and Latvian intelligentsia, Latvian resistance fighters, psychiatric patients, Soviet prisoners of war,[3] and communists (as an example of communist deportations to Stutthof, see the Danish Horserd camp). When Jenny Barkmann arrived in 1944, she quickly proved herself to be a perfect Nazi guard. [3], A range of German organisations and individuals used Stutthof prisoners as forced laborers. A judicial officer looks at his watch prior to a trial against a 96-year-old former secretary for the SS commander of the Stutthof concentration camp at the court room in Itzehoe, Germany on . Now 92, he vividly remembers the five camps and sub-camps of Stutthof that he was sent to. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was built in 1939 as the first Nazi camp outside Germany's borders in World War Two. [15] It is believed that inmates sent for immediate execution were not registered. Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the village of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Danzig in the territory of the German-annexed Free City of Danzig.The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish . Bus Tours. But as the war turned against the Germans, the camp was evacuated and thousands of prisoners were sent on a death march. The trial lasted from March 18, 1946 to May 13, 1946. 99 . 1939: 250 Polish citizens and P.O.W. She kicked the prisoners and literally walked over people. Your email address will not be published. Read about our approach to external linking. (08.08.2019), One of the last trials against an ex-concentration camp guard began Thursday in Hamburg. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Rajiv Kapoor family: Who is Rajiv Kapoor's ex-wife Aarti Sabharwal and did they have any children? "The main entrance gate of Stutthof became known as the Death Gate because once you entered it was more or less a death sentence," Mr Goldberg remembers. Dave, A group of thirteen ex-officials of the Stutthof concentration camp were arraigned before a Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court at Gdansk, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. More than 60,000 people died in the camp. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malm, Sweden, and released into the care of that neutral country. In early 1945 he survived a "death march" to the west after being freed by the Red Army. What science tells us about the afterlife. Many prisoners died in typhus epidemics that swept the camp in the winter of 1942 and again in 1944. The second commandant SS-Sturmbannfhrer Paul-Werner Hoppe (August 1942 - January 1945) was apprehended in 1953 in West Germany and later sentenced to nine years imprisonment. Mobile gas wagons were also used to complement the maximum capacity of the gas chamber (150 people per execution) when needed. [3] The first executions were carried out on 11 January and 22 March 1940 89 Polish activists and government officials were shot. Former Stutthof SS guard Bruno Dey, now 93, is standing trial in Germany, charged as an accessory to the murder of 5,230 Jews from 1944 to 1945. . In 1944, as forced labor by concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in armaments production, a Focke-Wulf aircraft factory was constructed at Stutthof. [3] Most of the infrastructure of the concentration camp was either destroyed or dismantled shortly after the war. Grese, who was passing on a bicycle, immediately got off, took off her leather belt and beat the woman with it. [11], Several Norwegian Waffen SS volunteers worked as guards or as instructors for prisoners from Nordic countries, according to senior researcher at the Norwegian Center for Studies of Holocaust and Religious Minorities, Terje Emberland. Dey was sentenced to two years in prison. There she became known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her brutal beatings of prisoners. The town of Sztutowo (Polish name for ' Stutthof') lies 55km east of Gdask and is easily accessed by both car and bus. The following gut-twisting images are among a number to be found here. She committed suicide in 1967. Such marches became common, as the Nazis sought to erase evidence of their crimes, and many of the detainees were killed as the war neared its end. During the Holocaust, the Aufseherinnen were the female guards in the concentration camps. It was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fences. The former nurse took a four-week training course and was sent as an overseer to the Stutthof camp near Danzig.. When the guilty verdict came in, she declared, Life is indeed a pleasure, and pleasures are usually short.. As a Jewish boy from Germany, the young Goldberg had already been deported to Latvia before being sent to Stutthof for slave labour. Known, chillingly, as the woman with the dogs, Juana Bormann used trained dogs in sadistic attacks on inmates at Ravensbruck and later Auschwitz, where she served under Irma Grese. An additional trial was attempted in November 2018, when Johann Rehbogen was accused of being an accessory to murder. Theres more about Stutthofs history at the Holocaust Research Project, and at the current memorial facilitys home page. Another prisoner said Bormann grabbed another female prisoner by the hair, threw her to the ground and ordered dogs to bite her so severely that she was a mass of blood. The woman died at the scene. [2], The first Polish war crimes tribunal was convened at Gdask, Poland, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. you are right, they should have been soaked in gasoline and torched right before they were hanged. The perpetrators used these locations for a range of purposes, including forced labor, detention of people deemed to be "enemies of the state," and mass murder. The 99-year-old, who has not been identified, is thought to have worked as a guard at the Ravensbrck concentration camp between 1943 and 1945, authorities said. Procesy", "KARA MIERCI W GDASKU 19451987 Encyklopedia Gdaska". The execution of guards of the Stutthof concentration camp on July 4th 1946. The sub-camps of Stutthof included:[30][31][32], The evacuation of prisoners from the Stutthof camp system began on 25 January 1945. The former secretary, who lives in a care home and is unnamed, had worked at the Stutthof camp near Danzig, in Nazi-occupied Poland. Journey time by bus is about 80 minutes and costs 14.50z. It has been estimated that around half of the evacuated prisoners, over 25,000, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. Manfred Goldberg was 13 when he was sent to Stutthof concentration camp near the coast of the Baltic Sea in August 1943. The SS in Stutthof began conscripting women from Danzig and the surrounding cities in June 1944, to train as camp guards because of their severe shortage after the women's subcamp of Stutthof called Bromberg-Ost (Konzentrationslager Bromberg-Ost) was set up in the city of Bydgoszcz. At Ravensbruck and Majdanek, Braunsteiner whipped women to death and was said to have thrown children by their hair onto trucks that took them to their deaths in gas chambers. Speaking through an interpreter, Koryski said he had seen SS guards put on sadistic "shows" to torture prisoners, includingoneinstance in which a son was forced to beat his father to death in front of other inmates. A 99-year-old who was being investigated on suspicion of complicity in murder as a former Nazi camp guard has died, ending the case against him, German prosecutors said Tuesday. SS-Aufseherin Elisabeth Becker - death by hanging 4. A narcissist who had numerous affairs with SS officers, she was said to have deliberately chosen women she considered more beautiful than her. Subscribe to this by clicking this link:https://www.youtube.com/c/TheFortresssThanks for watching! Required fields are marked *. Inside of the barbed wire fences, horror and brutality was administered by the SS guards and workers inside of the camps. A much higher total was reported by Colonel Howard A. Buechner, the chief medical officer of the 45th Infantry Division, who was at the camp during and after the liberation. Check out our SECOND CHANNEL TheFortress for a new video EVERY DAY! PoznaGniezno 2011, page 131 . In mid-1950s, a number of Nazi concentration camp commandants were sentenced to jail for supervising the murder of Jewish prisoners in gas chambers between 19421944, including Otto Knott[pl], Otto Haupt[pl] and Bernard Ldtke[pl]. [23][22][29], The main German concentration camp in Stutthof had as many as 40 sub-camps during World War II. Wow, Geocities links. [20][21], Lista osob Straconych w wiezieniach Polskich w latach 1944 1956 , IPN, 1990, Zaoga obozu Stutthof (Staff of Stutthof concentration camp), "Odpowiedzialno za zbrodnie popenione w Stutthofie. He remembers searching for his mother, who had been in the women's camp at Stutthof, when he came across his friend Zigi. Entry Filed under: 20th Century,Capital Punishment,Concentration Camps,Death Penalty,Execution,Germany,Hanged,History,Mass Executions,Mature Content,Occupation and Colonialism,Poland,Public Executions,Russia,USSR,War Crimes,Women, Tags: 1946, bischofschugel, biskupia gorka, danzig, elisabeth becker, ewa paradies, fascism, franciszek szopinski, gdansk, gerda steinhoff, holocaust, jan breit, jenny wanda barkmann, johann pauls, joseph reiter, july 4, kapos, nazi, naziism, stolzenberg, stutthof, sztutowo, tadeus kopczynski, waclaw kozlowski, wanda klaff, world war ii. DW sends out a daily selection of hard news and quality feature journalism. [11] In December 2018, the trial was suspended, since the convict had to be hospitalized for serious heart and kidney problems. Arraigned 20 ex-officials and guards were judged; 19 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. Countless prisoners who were left too weak to work were simply murdered. [2][5], The last two trials in Poland concerning two Stutthof concentration camp officials took place four years apart. Due to the stark contrast between her physical attractiveness and her barbaric behavior, the prisoners dubbed her the Beautiful Spectre.. Follow me on Twitter: https://twitter.com/theuntoldpastFollow me on Instagram: www.instagram.com/theuntoldpastDisclaimer: All opinions and comment stated below in the Comments section do not represent the opinion of TheUntoldPast. Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. Inside the Third Reichs concentration camps were scores of evil guards capable of committing horrible and sadistic acts. 1939). That same summer, Irmgard Furchner had begun working in the camp commander's headquarters as a shorthand typist. Anyone marching who didn't have the strength was shot," said Mr Goldberg. 'Gorilla Glue Girl' Tessica Brown is offered a wig by Beyonce's stylist after hair disaster gets EVEN worse. In perhaps the last ever Nazi war crimes trial, Irmgard Furchner attended court in Germany for more than a year as prosecutors outlined their case against her. [41], In 1999, Artur mijewski filmed a group of nude people playing tag in one of the Stutthof gas chambers, sparking outrage.[42][43][44]. Inside of the barbed wire fences, horror and brutality was administered by the SS. After being tracked down by Nazi hunter Simon Weisenthal, in 1973, she was retried and jailed for life by a Dusseldorf court. In 1962, the former concentration camp with its remaining structures, was turned into a memorial museum. The Stutthof concentration camp in Poland. [10], In November 2018, Johann Rehbogen from Borken was tried in court for serving at Stutthof camp from June 1942 to September 1944. It was also the last camp liberated by the Allies, on 9 May 1945. This week, a 95-year-old woman was arrested in Germany and charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people - the first such case in recent years. American survivor Asia Shindelman, who testified via video link, said she had been taken there with her parents, uncle and grandmother and witnessed prisoners being thrown by guards into electrified fences. At the Auschwitz trial in Krakow, in 1947, Mandl was declared a war criminal and was executed by hanging on Jan. 24, 1948. In 1945, she was captured by the American forces after attempting to flee to Bavaria. She was known for whipping prisoners with her riding crop as she rode past and, according to some accounts, forcing them to have sex with her. Further in the background is the guard SS-Oberscharfhrer Johann Pauls and several Polish kapos. Germany: Ex-Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him. Execution of Stutthof concentration camp overseers at Biskupia Grka. I PROMISE. She died in 2000. Semkw states that the presence of human fat tissue has been confirmed in the samples of soapy grease (claimed to be "unfinished soap"[23]) from Danzig presented during the trials through analysis performed by the IPN and Gdask University of Technology in 2011[24][25] and 2006,[26][27] respectively, but his and Tomkiewicz research concluded that this was a byproduct stemming from Spanner's work in bone maceration at the institute unrelated to the Stutthof camp. As the war ended, Jenny Barkmann attempted to evade the Red Army under a false name in the besieged city of Gdansk. The first trial of Stutthof criminals took place in 1946 in Gdansk, with Barkmann standing trial alongside 13 other defendants: During the trial, Barkmann flirted with guards, obsessed over her hair, and inappropriately giggled at times. National Socialism is destruction , terror, repression, waste, and death. Stutthof had a large number of sub camps, and prisoners were forced to work incredibly hard some even made aircraft parts for German planes. Some 28,000 of those who died were Jews. Like many of his fellow inmates, the man would be murdered and stripped of his skin - which would be used to make a lampshade in Kochs home. It is an obscenity and should be punished, if there are still any of these scum around today, they should be brought to justice. A former SS guard at a concentration camp, charged with aiding and abetting hundreds of murders, is standing trial in Mnster's district court. It is also the last camp liberated by the Allies (May 10th 1945). The fourth and final trial was also held before a Polish Special Criminal Court, from 19 November to 29 November 1947. National Socialism was RIGHT and we will return and we will remember things like this, so lowlife like you had better beware. Former Stutthof prisoners volunteered to serve as executioners for the public hanging on July 4, 1946. Sign up here. [5] It is estimated that between 63,000 and 65,000 prisoners of Stutthof concentration camp and its subcamps died as a result of murder, starvation, epidemics, extreme labour conditions, brutal and forced evacuations, and a lack of medical attention. Berlin CNN A former secretary from the Stutthof Nazi concentration camp has been charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people, German prosecutors said Friday, in what is a rare. A 97-year-old former secretary to the SS commander of Nazi Germany's Stutthof concentration camp has been found guilty of being an accessory to 10,505 murders. What's the least amount of exercise we can get away with? After evading capture for a few months, she was recognized and arrested in May 1945. It was also the final camp liberated by the Allies in May 1945. [2], Nine SS men and the Kapo Nikolaysen were executed on October 28, 1948:[4], The third trial was held from November 5, 1947, to November 10, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Koch told the court the shades were goatskin, and prosecutors at the trial found there was no evidence to prove they were human flesh. German Court Sentences Ex-Concentration Camp Secretary to Probation Irmgard Furchner, who was in her late teens when she worked in the Stutthof camp, was convicted as the authorities make a. After beginning her career at the all-female camp, Lichtenberg, the dedicated Nazi used brutality and cruelty to work to her way up to the highest female rank possible, Oberaufseherin, or chief guard. Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. Bruno Dey was convicted of complicity in mass murder there last year and given a suspended sentence, A two-year suspended sentence in line with that requested by prosecutors was handed down by the Itzehoe state court in northern Germany. The camp is east of modern-day Gdansk and a short walk from the sea. [23] The corpses used for this were not made from "harvested" bodies, and the byproduct of Spanner's work at the Danzig institute was collected. When is Eurovision and how do you get tickets? In total, the sub-camps held 110,000 prisoners from 25 countries according to the Jewish Virtual Library. It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. [9] The Wuppertal accused denied the allegations and declared that he was not present during the killings, and did not notice anything about it. Medycyna na usugach systemu eksterminacji ludnoci w Trzeciej Rzeszy i na terenach okupowanej Polski. After the war a number of war crimes trials took place called the Stutthof Trials, and following these there were a number of executions. They were cut off by advancing Soviet forces. Read about our approach to external linking. Dave with an atitude like that you should be #12. [2], During the first trial held at Gdask from April 25, 1946, to May 31, 1946, the joint Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court tried and convicted of crimes against humanity a group of thirteen ex-officials and overseers of the Stutthof concentration camp in Sztutowo and its Bromberg-Ost subcamp for women located in the city of Bydgoszcz. Originally, Stutthof was a civilian internment camp under the Danzig police chief. Gas chambers had been in operation in Nazi death camps since 1942 in German-occupied Poland but it was not until June 1944 that Zyklon B gas was used at Stutthof. But the Buchenwald Memorial Foundation says two credible witnesses, Austrian prisoner Dr. Gustav Wegerer, who ran the infirmary, and Josef Ackermann, a political prisoner and secretary of the camp doctor, confirmed the existence of the lamp. In September 1939, the Germans established the Stutthof camp in a wooded area west of Stutthof (Sztutowo), a town about 22 miles east of Danzig (Gdansk). The first contingent of 2,500 Jewish prisoners arrived from Auschwitz in July 1944. PD-Polish Public Domain. The first Nazi war criminal to be extradited from the US, in 1973, Hermine Braunstein was known as the Kobyla - meaning stomping mare - because of her tendency to kick women to death with her steel-capped boots. She was also notorious for beating inmates unconscious, often with a rubber truncheon, and she once pushed an old lady down a flight of stairs, killing her instantly. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born on May 30, 1922, in Hamburg. Many were former waitresses, cooks, and hairdressers who job postings in the newspaper. However, he was tried in a juvenile court due to being about 17 at that time. It was liberated by the British army on April 15th, 1945. This days condemned camp commandant Johann Pauls, five male kapos, and five female guards were the product of the first of four Stutthof trials held in 1946-1947. Last modified on Tue 6 Nov 2018 18.34 EST. Although Bruno D. is 93, he is being tried in a juvenile court because he was 17 in August 1944 when he started working as a guard at Stutthof, set up by the Nazis in the territory of the former Free City of Danzig, now known as Gdansk and part of modern Poland. [12], The first 150 inmates, imprisoned on 2 September 1939, were selected among Poles and Jews arrested in Danzig immediately after the outbreak of war. The Stutthof trials were a series of war crime tribunals held in postwar Poland for the prosecution of Stutthof concentration camp staff and officials, responsible for the murder of up to 85,000 prisoners during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany in World War II. Among the 55,000 guards at the concentration camps, 10,000 were women and they were trained to be every bit as vicious as their male counterparts. A former SS guard wept in the dock on the first day of his trial for complicity in mass murder at a Nazi concentration camp during the second world war . Conditions in the camp were brutal. The Germans used Stutthof prisoners as forced laborers. BERLIN (AP) A 92-year-old former SS private will go on trial this fall in Germany on 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murder, accused of helping the Nazis' Stutthof concentration camp Who is Rod Ponton and why has he gone viral? Row of Barracks at Stutthof But the few that took pleasure from the horrors within the walls of the camps proved the female of the species really can be deadlier than the male. He was tried in a juvenile court due to being about 17 at that time. Another former Nazi camp guard, who is 101-years-old, was sentenced to five years in prison for being an accessory to murder in 3,500 cases at the . Yolanda Saldvar, The Obsessed Fan Who Murdered Se, 5 Of The Most Infamous Cults in US History, History and Culture of the Blackfeet Nation, Did Pharaoh Akhenaten lay the foundation for Abrah. Ten were sentenced to death. Manfred Goldberg's younger brother Herman was murdered by the Nazis but Manfred was eventually reunited with his mother, who was also at Stutthof, and later his father too in the UK. In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. Gassing with Zyklon B gas began in June 1944. Herta Bothe was a Nazi concentration camp guard at Ravensbrck-stutthof and Bergen-Belsen. A crematorium and gas chamber[9] were added in 1943, just in time to start mass executions when Stutthof was included in the "Final Solution" in June 1944. The third trial was held from 5 November to 10 November 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. The former secretary, who lives in a care home and is unnamed, had worked at the Stutthof camp near Danzig, in Nazi-occupied Poland. She also personally selected women and children for the gas chambers, on one occasion, in 1944, sending 3,000 to their death. Arraigned 27 ex-officials and guards were judged; 26 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. At the subsequent trial, liberated prisoners said Grese - dubbed the Beautiful Beast - tortured prisoners both physically and emotionally and enjoyed shooting prisoners in cold blood. Other witnesses said she beat women to death with wooden sticks and shot at women who were too slow when carrying heavy containers of food. Although the guards at Stutthof were already expected to treat the prisoners ruthlessly, Jenny Barkmann stood out for her exceptional cruelty. In 1944 she became a guard at the Stutthof Concentration camp. She was 36. She was recorded to have been 6ft 3 and known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her merciless beatings of female prisoners. Efraim Zuroff is the Center's "Nazi Hunter-in-Chief." He defended the need to prosecute such crimes more than seventy years after the event, saying "The passage of time in no way . [citation needed], The camp staff consisted of German SS guards and, after 1943, the Ukrainian auxiliaries brought in by SS-Gruppenfhrer Fritz Katzmann, the Higher SS and Police Leader of the area. Found guilty by a British Military Tribunal, she was sentenced to death and hanged on December 13 1945, aged 52.